Miniature type tape cassette and adapter means

ABSTRACT

A miniature type tape cassette used with respect to a standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus which performs recording and/or reproduction when loaded with a standard type tape cassette and with respect to a recording and/or reproducing apparatus of a type different from the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus comprises a cassette case having a size smaller than that of the standard type tape cassette, and a tape accommodated within the cassette case. The miniature type tape cassette is loaded independently into the recording and/or reproducing apparatus of a type different from the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus, and loaded into the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus together with a tape cassette adapter having an external form and size substantially equal to those of the standard type tape cassette, in a state where the miniature type tape cassette is accommodated within the tape cassette adapter and the tape is drawn out from the cassette case to form a predetermined tape path.

This is a Continuation of U.S. Application Ser. No. 322,174, filed Nov. 17, 1981, and entitled "MINIATURE TYPE TAPE CASSETTE", now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to miniature type tape cassettes, and more particularly to a miniature type tape cassette which is loaded in a state accommodated within a tape cassette adapter having the same external form and size as a standard type tape cassette with respect to a standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus which performs recording and/or reproduction when loaded with a standard type tape cassette, and loaded independently with respect to a recording and/or reproducing apparatus of a type different from the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus.

Presently, video signal recording and/or reproducing apparatuses using tape cassettes are reduced to practical use on the world-wide basis. As types of these recording and/or reproducing apparatuses using tape cassettes, two or three standardized types of apparatuses presently exist world-widely. There is no interchangeability between apparatuses of different standards, however, interchangeability exists between apparatuses adopting the same standard. Accordingly, a tape cassette recorded by one recording and/or reproducing apparatus can be reproduced by another recording and/or reproducing apparatus of the same standard. Hence, in order to ensure interchangeability between different recording and/or reproducing apparatuses manufactured by different manufacturers so as to perform recording and/or reproduction, a standardization is set with respect to formats of the tape cassette and the recording and/or reproducing apparatus. That is, the above formats are standardized for each standard, and a standard type tape cassette and a standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus are respectively provided and employed for each standard.

Recently, a problem of much importance involves the realization in reducing the size of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus main body. This is to realize a more compact portable type recording and/or reproducing apparatus, and, for example, to realize such an equipment that a recording apparatus is unitarily built into a television camera.

In this regard, some attempts have been made to realize a compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus using a compact or miniature type tape cassette, which uses a tape pattern and format completely different from those of the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus using the standard type tape cassette which are already and widely accepted in the market. However, the above compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus attempted for realization uses a format completely different from that of the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus, and interchangeability does not exist therebetween. Therefore, in this compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus, there is a disadvantage in that a tape cassette recorded by the compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus cannot be reproduced by the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus. This is a great inconvenience and disadvantage to the owners of the compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus.

Another attempt has also been made to realize a compact type portable recording and/or reproducing apparatus which performs recording and/or reproduction with the same tape pattern and format as the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus, by using a tape cassette whose size is slightly reduced by reducing the tape quantity and the diameter of the reels from those of the standard type tape cassette. In this system, a tape cassette recorded by the portable recording and/or reproducing apparatus can be reproduced as it is by the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus.

However, in the tape cassette used in the above portable recording and/or reproducing apparatus, the distance between a supply side reel and a take-up side reel is set equal to the distance between the supply side and take-up side reels of the standard type tape cassette, so that the tape cassette used for the portable recording and/or reproducing apparatus can be loaded into the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus. Hence, even when the tape quantity is reduced in order to reduce the diameter of the reels, there is a limit in reducing the diameter of these reels. Therefore, in this system, there was a disadvantage in that the size of the tape cassette as a whole could not be reduced significantly, and the same is true to the recording and/or reproducing apparatus.

Furthermore, another system can be considered in which the tape quantity is reduced to reduce the diameter of the reels, and further, the miniature type tape cassette is constructed by reducing the distance between the supply side and take-up side reels. In this system, as a modification of the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus, the recording and/or reproducing apparatus can be constructed so that a reel disc for driving the take-up side reel is movable. In this modification of the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus, the take-up side reel disc is at a normal position when loaded with the standard type tape cassette, and the take-up side reel disc is moved to a position closer to the supply side reel disc when loaded with the miniature type tape cassette.

However, even in this system, for example, there is a disadvantage in that the miniature type tape cassette recorded by the compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus cannot be reproduced by the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus which is presently in wide use. Moreover, there is a disadvantage in that it is extremely difficult to realize a mechanism for moving the reel disc in the manner described above. Furthermore, the recording and/or reproducing apparatus using the tape cassette generally has a mechanism for drawing out the tape from within the tape cassette to load the tape onto a predetermined tape path within the recording and/or reproducing apparatus. Therefore, it is also exceedingly difficult to construct the above mechanism for pulling out the tape, so that interchangeability exists with respect to the above compact or miniature type tape cassette and the standard type tape cassette, and the realization of such a mechanism is virtually impossible.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to provide a novel and useful miniature type tape cassette in which the above described disadvantages have been overcome.

Another and more specific object of the present invention is to provide a miniature type tape cassette which is loaded, in a state accommodated within a tape cassette adapter having substantially the same external form and size as a standard type tape cassette, with respect to a standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus which performs recording and/or reproduction when loaded with a standard type tape cassette, and loaded, as it is, with respect to a recording and/or reproducing apparatus of a type different from the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus. The miniature type tape cassette according to the present invention is accommodated within the adapter in a state where the tape is drawn out from a cassette case to form a predetermined tape path. The above miniature type tape cassette according to the present invention can be recorded and/or reproduced by the above recording and/or reproducing apparatus of the different type exclusively for the miniature type tape cassette, and can also be recorded and/or reproduced by the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus which is widely used in the market.

Other objects and further features of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A through 1D respectively are a plan view, a side view, a bottom view, and a rear view, showing an embodiment of a miniature type tape cassette according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the miniature type tape cassette shown in FIG. 1A in a state where the upper half of the miniature type tape cassette is removed;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a cross section of the miniature type tape cassette along a line III--III in FIG. 1A;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional views respectively showing a connection part between a supporting shaft of a take-up side reel and a lower half of the miniature type tape cassette, in a disassembled state, along line IVA--IVA and IVB--IBV in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing a braking mechanism part of the take-up side reel shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view, in cross section, showing the braking mechanism shown in FIG. 5 along a line VI--VI;

FIGS. 7 and 8 are a plan view and a bottom view respectively showing a lower half of an embodiment of a tape cassette adaptor which is loaded with the miniature type tape cassette shown in FIG. 1A;

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a state where the miniature type tape cassette shown in FIGS. 1A through 1D is loaded into the lower half of the tape cassette adapter shown in FIG. 7, and the tape is drawn out from the miniature type tape cassette to form a predetermined tape path;

FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the tape cassette adapter in a state where an upper half if assembled to the lower half of the tape cassette adapter which is in the state shown in FIG. 9, to accommodate the miniature type tape cassette;

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view, with the miniature type tape cassette omitted, showing the tape cassette adapter along a line XI--XI in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a plan view showing an example of a recording and/or reproducing apparatus exclusively for the miniature type tape cassette which operates together with the miniature type tape cassette shown in FIG. 1A, in a state where the miniature type recording and/or reproducing apparatus is in a recording or reproducing mode; and

FIG. 13 is a plan view showing an example of a standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus which operates together with the tape cassette adapter loaded with the miniature type tape cassette shown in FIG. 10, in a state where the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus is in a recording or reproducing mode.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A miniature type tape cassette 10 according to the present invention has a configuration shown in FIGS. 1A through 1D, 2, and 3. The tape cassette 10 comprises a cassette case 11 having a size smaller than a standard type tape cassette which is loaded into a standard type video signal recording and/or reproducing apparatus. A lid 13 is provided on the front surface of the cassette case 11 in a manner such that the lid 13 can freely open and close, to protect a magnetic tape 12 accommodated within the tape cassette 10.

The cassette case 11 consists of an upper half 14 and a lower half 15. The lid 13 is moulded from a resin such as polypropylene, for example, and is mounted to the upper half 14. A front lid portion 16 of the lid 13 can rotate about a hinge portion 17 provided at the thinly moulded corner part of the lid 13. The above front lid portion 16 is urged by a leaf spring 18 towards a lid closing direction, to cover the front surface of the cassette case 11. When the tape cassette 10 is not loaded into a tape cassette adapter and a video signal recording and/or reproducing apparatus exclusively for the tape cassette 10 (description on these adapter and apparatus will be given hereinafter), the front lid portion 16 covers the front surface of the cassette case 11 to protect the magnetic tape 12 exposed with respect to this surface. Furthermore, a finger 19 formed on the front lid portion 16 engages with an opening 20 of the lower half 15, and the front lid portion 16 is thus locked in a closed state.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a supply side reel (supply reel) 21 and a take-up side reel (take-up reel) 22 are provided in a parallel manner inside the cassette case 11. A distance D between respective centers of the supply and take-up reels 21 and 22, is shorter than the distance between centers of the supply and take-up reels of the standard type tape cassette used in the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus. With respect to the supply reel 21, the magnetic tape 12 is wound around a reel hub 25 between upper and lower flanges 23 and 24. Similarly, with respect to the take-up reel 22, the magnetic tape 12 is wound around a reel hub 28 between upper and lower flanges 26 and 27. The magnetic tape 12 is pulled out from the supply reel 21 and guided by guide poles 29 and 30 respectively provided on the left and right end sides along the front surface side of the cassette case 11, to form a tape path 12A reaching the take-up reel 22.

The supply reel 21 is provided in a state where a projecting step portion 24a of the lower flange 24 is loosely fitted into a hole 31 having a large diameter of the lower half 15. Moreover, teeth 24b are formed in a ring shape on the lower surface of the lower flange 24 around the entire circular periphery thereof. Teeth 32 are formed in a ring shape on the upper surface of the lower half 15, at positions opposing the above teeth 24b. The supply reel 21 is urged towards the side of the lower half 15, by one arm portion 33a of a leaf spring 33 mounted on the lower surface of an upper plate of the upper half 14. Accordingly, in a normal state, the teeth 24b mesh with the teeth 32. Hence, the supply reel 21 is controlled and prevented from rotating, due to the above meshing of the teeth 24a and 32. Thus, the supply reel 21 does not unnecessarily rotate while the tape cassette 10 is manipulated or in transit. Therefore, the magnetic tape 12 is prevented from being tangled and damaged, since slack is not introduced in the magnetic tape 12 which is wound around the supply reel 21, and the magnetic tape 12 is prevented from being pulled unnecessarily out from the supply reel 21.

A reel driving shaft inserting part 25a is provided on the inner side of the reel hub 25 of the supply reel 21, into which a reel driving shaft of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus is inserted. The inner diameter of the above reel hub 25 is equal to the inner diameter of the reel hub of the supply reel in the standard type tape cassette. The reel shaft inserting part 25a is open on the side of the above hole 31.

Furthermore, a depression 23a is formed at the center portion on the upper surface side of the upper flange 23 of the supply reel 21. A projection 23b is formed at the center of the above depression 23a. The one arm portion 33a of the leaf spring 33 pushes the above projection 23b towards the downward direction, to urge the supply reel 21 towards the side of the lower half 15. As will be described hereinafter, the supply reel 21 is movable upwards and downwards upon loading of the tape cassette 10 into the recording and/or reproducing apparatus, and this slack of the supply reel 21 is relatively large. However, since the depression 23a is provided in the periphery of the projection 23b, the tip end of the arm portion 33a of the leaf spring 33 does not make contact with the upper flange 23 of the supply reel 21, when the supply reel 21 is moved upwards and downwards.

The take-up reel 22 is provided in a rotatable manner such that a fixed shaft 34 embeddedly provided on the lower half 15 is inserted into a center hole of the reel hub 28. A center projection 26a provided on the flat flange 26 is pushed by another arm portion 33b of the leaf spring 33 towards the downward direction, and the take-up reel 22 is urged towards the side of the lower half 15. Since the reel hub 28 is not inserted with a reel driving shaft, an outer diameter d2 of the reel hub 28 is smaller than an outer diameter d1 of the reel hub 25 of the supply reel 21. By this feature in which the outer diameter d2 of the reel hub 28 is smaller than the outer diameter d1 of the reel hub 25, the amount of magnetic tape 12 which can be accommodated within the tape cassette 10 becomes large as compared to the case where the outer diameters d1 and d2 of the reel hubs 25 and 28 are the same. Accordingly, although the size of the tape cassette 10 is small, recording and reproduction can be performed for a relatively long period of time by use of the above tape cassette 10.

The fixed shaft 34 is screwed onto the lower half 15 with a screw 36 into a threaded part 34b, in a state where a projection 35 provided on the lower half 15 is inserted into a groove 34a extending in the diametrical direction at the lower end part of the fixed shaft 34 as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. The above groove 34a and the projection 35 act as a detent when the projection 35 is inserted into the groove 34a, upon mounting the fixed shaft 34 onto the lower half 15 by the screw 36. Hence, the screw 36 can be screwed securely into the threaded part 34b, and the operation to fix the fixed shaft 34 onto the lower half 15 can be performed with a high operation efficiency. As will be described hereinafter, a rotational force of the take-up reel 22 acts on the fixed shaft 34 during recording and reproducing operations. However, the fixed shaft 34 does not rotate unnecessarily, due to the above described insertion of the projection 35 into the groove 34a. Accordingly, the screw 36 does not become loose since the fixed shaft 34 does not rotate, and the fixed shaft 34 is maintained in the initial fixed state without introducing instability in the fixed shaft 34. Therefore, the take-up reel 22 is always maintained in a predetermined position and rotates in a stable manner. Hence, the magnetic tape 12 can be smoothly taken up by the take-up reel 22 without damaging the magnetic tape 12, and the take-up reel 22 stably engages with a driving force transmitting mechanism as will be described hereinafter.

Moreover, a gear part 27a is formed on the outer peripheral part of the lower flange 27 of the take-up reel 22. As shown in FIGS. 1B, 1C, 2, and 3, a part of the gear part 27a is exposed through a cutout window 37 formed at a part between the side surface and the bottom surface of the lower half 15. The above cutout window 37 is of an arcuate shape on the bottom surface side of the lower half 15.

Furthermore, with respect to the take-up reel 22, a braking mechanism shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is provided. A braking member 38 is supported by pins 39a and 39b on the lower half 15 which are inserted through a pair of holes provided in the braking member 38, in a freely slidable manner in the upward and downward directions. The above braking member 38 is urged downwards against the lower half by coil springs 40a and 40b fitted around the periphery of corresponding pins 39a and 39b in order to prevent the braking member 38 from slipping upwards. When the braking member 38 is urged by the coil springs 40a and 40b and is at a lowered position, a main body portion 38a of the braking member 38 closes a longitudinal hole 45 provided on the lower half 15 for positioning purpose which will be described hereinafter. Moreover, a finger portion 38b is at the same height position as the lower flange 27, and is inserted between adjacent teeth of the above gear part 27a. The take-up reel 22 is thus locked at that rotational position, and slack is not introduced in the magnetic tape 12 wound around the take-up reel 22. Moreover, the outer peripheral part of the lower flange 27 where the gear part 27a is formed, is a step lower than the flange surface at the inner peripheral side thereof.

The above braking member 38 moves upwards as will be described hereinafter, and in this raised state, the finger portion 38b disengages from the gear part 27a, and the locking operation with respect to the take-up reel 22 is accordingly released. Since the braking member 38 operates by moving parallel to the axis of the take-up reel 22, the braking member 38 does not hit against and damage the magnetic tape 12 wound around the take-up reel 22. Hence, the construction of the braking mechanism is simple. In addition, the above braking mechanism does not take up much space, and is convenient for reducing the size of the tape cassette 10. Furthermore, since the braking mechanism including the braking member 38 is placed at the corner part of the cassette case 11 without taking up additional space. This is advantageous also from this point of view in reducing the size of the tape cassette.

Openings 41 and 42 for accepting loading poles and an opening for accepting a capstan, are respectively provided in the bottom of the tape cassette 10 on the side of the lid 13. Moreover, a positioning hole 44 and the positioning longitudinal hole 45 are respectively provided in the bottom surface of the tape cassette 10, at left and right sides close to the rear side. These holes 44 and longitudinal hole 45 are respectively formed within depressions 46 and 47. In addition, depressions 48 and 49 are respectively formed in the bottom surface of the tape cassette 10 at the left and right sides on the side of the lid 13.

Depression 50 and 51 are formed on the left and right end sides of the tape cassette 10 shown in FIG. 1A, from substantially center position to the rear surface part thereof along the depth direction of the tape cassette 10.

Projections 52 and 53 of the lower half 15 is fitted into depressions (not shown) provided on the lower side of the upper half 14 to position the upper and lower halves 14 and 15 of the tape cassette 10, and these upper and lower halves 14 and 15 are connected together by screws 54 and 55.

FIGS. 7 through 11 respectively show a tape cassette adapter 60 which is used in a case where the tape cassette 10 having the above described construction is loaded into the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus.

The tape cassette adapter 60 has an accommodating part 61 for accommodating the above tape cassette 10, and has an external form and size substantially equal to those of the standard type tape cassette.

The above tape cassette adapter 60 consists of a lower half 62 and an upper half 63. The upper half 63 is fixed to the lower half 62 by screws after the tape cassette 10 is accommodated within the accommodating part 61 of the lower half 62.

The above accommodating part 61 for accommodating the above tape cassette 10 is formed as an opening at a predetermined position of the lower half 62. A rotation transmitting mechanism 84 is provided at a position adjacent to the above accommodating part 61. When the lower half 62 is placed on top of the standard type tape cassette for comparison, the supply reel 21 of the tape cassette 10 accommodated within the accommodating part 61 is arranged at a position corresponding to the position of the supply reel of the standard type tape cassette. In addition, a gear structure 64 of the rotation transmitting mechanism 84 is arranged at a position corresponding to the position of the take-up reel of the standard type tape cassette.

The accommodating part 61 consists of an opening 65 having a shape substantially identical to the shape of the tape cassette 10 shown in the plan view in FIG. 1A, a wall part 66 encircling three sides of the opening 65, and projections 67, 68, 69, and 70 extending within the opening 65 at positions in the bottom of the lower half 62. These projections are for positioning the tape cassette 10 when accommodated. Pins 71 and 72 are respectively embeddedly provided in the above projecting parts 67 and 68, for positioning the tape cassette 10.

The gear structure 64 is provided in a rotatable manner at a position opposing a hole 73 in the lower half 62, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 11. A reel driving shaft inserting part 64a is provided at the inner part of the gear structure 64. Moreover, a gear part 64b is provided at the outer periphery of the above gear structure 64. A gear 74 having a small diameter meshes with the above gear part 64b. This gear 74 is axially supported by a shaft 75 on the lower half 62, and a part of the gear 74 protrudes into the above accommodating part 61.

Similarly as in the standard type tape cassette, openings 76 and 77 for inserting loading poles, and an opening 78 for inserting the capstan, are respectively provided in the front surface side of the lower half 62.

Furthermore, guide poles 80 and 81 are embeddedly provided at the end of the above opening 76 and at the end of the opening 78, respectively, in the lower half 62. Moreover, a guide pole 82 is embeddedly provided in the lower half 62, at a position opposing the guide pole 30. As will be described hereinafter, the guide poles 80 and 81 guide the magnetic tape 12 so that the magnetic tape 12 forms a tape path 12B along the front surface of the tape cassette adapter 60.

As shown in FIG. 10, the upper half 63 has an U-shaped cutout 85. Inwardly projecting parts 87 and 86 are respectively formed on the right and left sides at the innermost part of the cutout 85.

Next, description will be given to a case where the above tape cassette 10 is independently loaded into a recording and/or reproducing apparatus exclusively designed for the miniature type tape cassette, of a type different from the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus, such as a compact recording and/or reproducing apparatus of a type smaller than the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus, for example, by referring to FIG. 12.

FIG. 12 shows a compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 100. The width and depth of this compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 100 are smaller than those of a standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 120 shown in FIG. 13, and the size of the compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 100 as a whole is small.

A supply reel driving shaft 101 is provided at a cassette loading part of the above compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 100, however, a take-up reel driving shaft is not provided. When the tape cassette 10 is loaded into the compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 100, the supply reel 21 is fitted over the supply reel driving shaft 101, in a positioned state where the hole 44 and the longitudinal hole 45 are fitted over pins 102 and 103. In addition, a loading pole 104 and a tension pole 105 relatively enter within the opening 41, while a loading pole 106 and a capstan 107 respectively and relatively enter into the opening 42.

In the above loaded state, the supply reel 21 is pushed upwards as shown in FIG. 3. Hence, the teeth 24b disengages from the teeth 32, and the supply reel 21 becomes freely rotatable. Moreover, the braking member 38 is pushed upwards against the forces exerted by the springs 40a and 40b, by the pin 103 inserted into the longitudinal hole 45. As indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 6, the finger portion 38b rises and the level of the finger portion 38b becomes different from that of the gear part 27a, to disengage from the gear part 27a. Accordingly, the take-up reel 22 is also released from the locked state, and becomes freely rotatable.

When the operational mode of the recording and/or reproducing apparatus is set to a play mode, the above poles 104, 105, and 106 intercept and engage with the magnetic tape 12 to draw out the magnetic tape 12, and respectively move to positions indicated by solid lines in FIG. 12. Hence, the magnetic tape 12 is drawn out of the tape cassette 10, to make contact with a full-width erasing head 108. The magnetic tape 12 further makes contact with a guide drum 109 provided with rotary video heads throughout a predetermined angular range, and also makes contact with an audio control head 110. Thus, the magnetic tape 12 is loaded onto a predetermined tape travelling path. During recording and reproduction, the magnetic tape 12 is driven in a state pinched between the capstan 107 and a pinch roller 111. Moreover, a driving gear 112 which is rotated by a reel driving motor (not shown) meshes with the gear part 27a of the take-up reel 22, and the take-up reel 22 is accordingly driven towards a tape take-up direction.

The full-width erasing head 108, the audio control head 110, and the guide drum 109 are constructed under the same standard as corresponding heads and guide drum of the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus which will be described hereinafter. Accordingly, a signal is recorded onto and reproduced from the magnetic tape 12 with a tape pattern and format identical to those obtained by the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus.

Next, description will be given for a case where the above tape cassette 10 is used by loading the tape cassette 10 into the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus, by referring to FIG. 13.

In this case, the tape cassette 10 is accommodated within the tape cassette adapted 60 to form the above described predetermined tape path within the tape cassette adapter 60. This tape cassette adapter 60 accommodating the tape cassette 10 is loaded into the recording and/or reproducing apparatus as in the case where the standard type tape cassette is loaded.

In order to accommodate the tape cassette 10 within the tape cassette adapter 60, the front lid portion 16 of the tape cassette 10 is first opened as indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 1B. Then, the magnetic tape 12 is drawn out from the tape cassette 10 by a predetermined length. In this state, the take-up reel 22 is in a locked state and does not rotate. However, the supply reel 21 is reluctantly movable when the teeth 24b ride over the teeth 32 against the force exerted by the leaf spring 33. Hence, the magnetic tape 12 is drawn out from the supply reel 21. In a case where the supply reel 21 does not rotate smoothly, the magnetic tape 12 may be drawn out while pushing the supply reel 21 upwards by a finger to release the teeth engagement of the supply reel 21 with the teeth 32.

In the above state, as shown in FIG. 9, the tape cassette 10 is accommodated within the accommodating part 61 in the lower half 62, and the magnetic tape 12 which is drawn out is threaded around the guide poles 80, 81, and 82 so as to be guided by these guide poles. Accordingly, the magnetic tape 12 is guided especially by these guide poles 80 and 81 in particular as shown in FIG. 9, and forms the tape path 12B traversing the front surface of the openings 76, 77, and 78, as in the case of the standard type tape cassette. Then, the upper half 63 is placed over the lower half 62 as shown in FIG. 10, and these upper and lower halves 62 and 63 are connected to each other by screws 88 through 91. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the tape cassette adapter 60 accommodates the tape cassette 10 therein, in a state where the magnetic tape 12 is drawn out from the tape cassette 10 and guided along the predetermined tape path 12B.

Next, description will be given with respect to the operation of each parts, when the tape cassette 10 is accommodated within the tape cassette adapter 60.

The tape cassette 10 is placed from above and accommodated within the accommodating part 61. In this state, the depressions 46 through 49 provided at the bottom of the tape cassette 10 respectively make contact with the projections 67 through 70 of the lower half 62. The peripheral side walls of the tape cassette 10 oppose the wall part 66 of the lower half 62. Furthermore, the hold 44 and the longitudinal hole 45 provided on the lower half 15 of the tape cassette 10 relatively fit over the pins 71 and 72, to position the tape cassette 10 within the accommodating part 61. The pin 72 in particular relatively passes through the longitudinal hole 45 as shown in FIG. 6, to push the braking member 38 upwards against the forces exerted by the coil springs 40a and 40b. That is, the braking member 38 is pushed upwards along the axial direction of the take-up reel 22. Hence, similarly as in the case described above, the finger portion 38b of the braking member 38 disengages from the gear part 27a towards the upward direction, to release the locked take-up reel 22. At the same time, the gear 74 relatively enters within the cutout window 37 from below, to mesh with the gear part 27a. The gear 74 may be constructed to undergo slight movement so that the gear 74 meshes with the gear part 27a without difficulty. The lid 13 makes contact with a rib part 83 formed along the openings 76 and 77 of the lower half 62, and is maintained in a state closing the openings.

The upper half 63 of the tape cassette adapter 60 is mounted to the lower half 62 in a state where the inwardly projecting parts 86 and 87 respectively engage with the depressions 50 and 51 provided on the upper surface of the tape cassette 10. Hence, the tape cassette 10 is pushed by the projections 67 through 70 of the lower half 62 and by the inwardly projections 86 and 87 of the upper half 63. The tape cassette 10 is thus positioned with respect to the direction of the thickness thereof, so that the tape cassette 10 does not slip out from the accommodating part 61. Furthermore, the tape cassette 10 is accommodated within the accommodating part 61 in a state where the upper surface and bottom surface of the tape cassette 10 lie in substantially the same planes as the upper surface and bottom surface of the tape cassette adapter 60.

FIG. 13 shows the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 120. The above tape cassette adapter 60 accommodating the tape cassette 10 therein, is loaded into the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 120 in a similar manner as in the case where the standard type tape cassette is loaded. That is, when the above tape cassette adapter 60 is loaded into the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 120, a supply reel driving shaft 121 is inserted into the reel driving shaft inserting part 25a of the supply reel 21, and a take-up reel driving shaft 122 is inserted into the reel driving shaft inserting part 64a of the gear structure 64 within the tape cassette adapter 60. Furthermore, loading poles 123 and 124 and a capstan 125 respectively enter into the openings 76, 77, and 78 behind the tape path 12B (refer to FIGS. 7 and 9). In addition, in the above loaded state, as in the case of the compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 100, the supply reel 21 is pushed upwards as shown in FIG. 3. Accordingly, the locking operation with respect to the supply reel 21 is released, and the supply reel 21 becomes freely rotatable. As described above, the take-up reel 22 is released from the locked state and is already in a freely rotatable state, in the state where the tape cassette 10 is accommodated within the tape cassette adapter 60.

Upon a tape loading operation, the above loading poles 123 and 124 respectively intercept and engage with the magnetic tape 12, then draw the magnetic tape 12 out of the cassette as the loading poles 123 and 124 move away from the openings 76 and 77, and reach positions indicated by solid lines in FIG. 13. Accordingly, the magnetic tape 12 which is drawn outside the tape cassette adapter 60, makes contact with a full-width erasing head 126, and makes contact with a guide drum 127 provided with rotary video heads throughout a predetermined angular range. The magnetic tape 12 further makes contact with an audio control head 128. Therefore, the above magnetic tape 12 loaded onto a predetermined tape travelling path.

During recording and reproduction, the magnetic tape 12 is driven in a state pinched between a capstan 129 and a pinch roller 125. Moreover, the gear structure 64 within the tape cassette adapter 60 is rotated in the clockwise direction by the take-up reel driving shaft 122. This rotation of the gear structure 64 is transmitted to the take-up reel 22 through the gear 74, to drive the magnetic tape 12 towards a tape take-up direction. Accordingly, the magnetic tape 12 fed out by the capstan 129 is taken-up by the take-up reel 22. The magnetic tape 12 is guided by the guide poles 81 and 82 within the tape cassette adapter 60.

In either case where the above tape cassette 10 is independently loaded into the compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 100 or the tape cassette 10 is loaded into the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 120 in a state accommodated within the tape cassette adapter 60, the supply reel 21 fits over the supply reel driving shaft 101 (121) provided in the recording and/or reproducing apparatus, and the supply reel 21 is directly driven. Hence, the rotational accuracy of the supply reel 21 becomes high, and a highly accurate tape feeding operation can be obtained, Moreover, since the diameter d1 of the reel hub 25 in the supply reel 21 is large, the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of the roll of the wound-tape on the above supply reel 21 is relatively small. Accordingly, the varying range of the rotational speed of the supply reel 21 from the start to the completion of recording and reproduction is small, and the tape running accuracy is improved.

On the other hand, with respect to the take-up reel 22, the take-up reel 22 is not fitted over the take-up reel driving shaft in either case where the above tape cassette 10 is independently loaded into the compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 100 or the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 120 in a state accommodated within the tape cassette adapter 60. Thus, to a given size of the cassette, an amount of tape to be accommodated can be increased, or the size of the cassette case 11 can be reduced to a given amount of tape. The above take-up reel 22 is indirectly driven from the side of the cassette case 11 through the gear structure 64 and the gear 74. However, since there is no strict requirements in the rotational accuracy of the take-up reel 22, no drawbacks are introduced. Further, as the take-up reel 22 rotates without play around the fixed shaft 34, no extra space is required around the reel, and this helps to reduce the size of the tape cassette.

When the tape cassette 10 is unloaded from the loading part of the compact type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 100, the supply reel 21 and the braking member 38 respectively move downwards. Thus, the supply reel 21 and the take-up reel 22 are both automatically locked so as not to rotate. Moreover, when the tape cassette 10 is removed from the tape cassette adapter 60, after the tape cassette adapter 60 is unloaded from the loading part of the standard type recording and/or reproducing apparatus 120, the braking member 38 similarly moves downwards to lock the take-up reel 22.

In each of the above embodiments of the present invention, the gear part provided at the peripheral side surface of the lower flange 27 of the take-up reel 22 within the tape cassette 10, can be replaced by a rubber roller placed within the tape cassette adapter 60. In this case, the take-up reel 22 is driven at its lower flange 27 through the driving mechanism within the tape cassette adapter 60 by means of friction introduced therebetween.

Further, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, but various variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A miniature video cassette which fits directly into a first recorder/reproducer apparatus and which also fits into an adapter having parts corresponding to parts of said first apparatus and further having a size and shape of a standard large size cassette, so that said miniature cassette may be used interchangeably in said first or a second recorder/reproducer apparatus designed to receive said standard large size cassette, said miniature cassette comprising:a generally rectangular case having spaced parallel top and bottom plates with openings in a front edge of at least one of said plates for accepting loading poles of said first apparatus; a supply reel with a large diameter hub and flange and a take-up reel with a small diameter hub and flange rotatably supported inside said case in a side-by-side relationship; tape wound on said heels and extending along a path adjacent said openings which tape is engaged by either said loading poles in said first apparatus or guiding poles fixed in said adapter for guiding said tape drawn out from said openings and for positioning said tape at a position in said adapter corresponding to the position of the tape in said standard cassette; lid means pivotably attached to said case to swing between closed and opened positions, the closed position covering said opening, said opened position locating said lid in substantially the plane of one of said spaced parallel plates and forming a contiguously contacting dust seal with an edge of said one plate; coupling means in the hub of said supply reel for being driven directly by a drive shaft in both said first and said second apparatus; and means on the flange of said take-up reel for engaging a power transmission on said first apparatus or on said adapter.
 2. A combination of an adapter means and a miniature video tape cassette which fits directly into a miniature apparatus and which also fits into said adapter means which has substantially the size and shape of a standard large sized cassette whereby said miniature and standard cassettes may be used interchangeably in a large sized apparatus designed to receive only the standard cassette,said miniature cassette comprising: a generally rectangular case having spaced parallel top and bottom plates with openings in a front edge of at least one of said plates for accepting loading poles of said miniature apparatus; a supply reel with a large diameter hub and flange and a take-up reel with a small diameter hub and flange rotatably supported inside said case in a side-by-side relationship; tape wound on said reels and extending along a path adjacent said openings in a position where said tape is engaged by said loading poles; a lid pivotably attached to said case to swing down to a closed position in front of and covering said opening or up to an open position where said lid lies in a plane of and in contiguous contact with one of said spaced parallel plates to form a dust seal between said lid in said open position and said contiguous plate; said adapter means having a base plate and being in the size and shape of a standard cassette, and comprising: an opening in the base plate of said adapter means through which a drive shaft may pass, power transmission means, and fixed guide poles mounted thereon, said opening and said power transmission means being positioned to receive reel driving forces normally applied at the same relative points on a standard cassette; coupling means in the hub of said supply reel for being driven directly from said drive shaft projecting through said opening in said adapter means; drive means associated with the flange of said take-up reel for engaging said power transmission means mounted on said adapter means; said guide poles being fixed at locations on said adapter means for supporting said tape in a position corresponding to the position of tape in a standard cassette so that loading poles on said large sized apparatus may draw said tape from said adapter means in the same manner that said tape is drawn from said standard cassette; and means in said case for enabling said supply and take-up reels to be directly driven when said cassette is mounted directly in apparatus designed to receive said miniature cassette.
 3. A combination of an adapter and a miniature cassette, said cassette being for use directly in a first recorder/reproducer or for use in said adapter which fits a second recorder/reproducer,said miniature cassette comprising: a case smaller than said adapter; openings formed in the front of said case for accepting loading poles mounted in said first recorder/reproducer; and tape accommodated in said cassette adjacent said openings for accepting said loading poles of said first recorder/reproducer; and said adapter comprising: second openings formed in the front of said adapter with fixed guide poles for holding said tape in a position adjacent said second openings at locations where loading poles on said second apparatus draw tape out standard sized cassettes in the size and shape of said adapter and which position said drawn out tape adjacent a reproduce/record head in said second apparatus.
 4. The adapter and cassette combination of claim 3 wherein said cassette has supply and take-up reels and aperture means formed in the bottom of said adapter for enabling a drive shaft in said second recorder/reproducer to directly drive said supply reel, said drive shaft and supply reel being in direct alignment, and transmission coupling means for interconnecting the take-up reel in said cassette with take-up drive means in said second recorder/reproducer, said take-up reel in said cassette being non-aligned with said take-up drive means in said second recorder/reproducer, whereby said supply and take-up reels in said miniature cassette may be much closer together than said drive shaft and said drive means in said second recorder/reproducer. 